Animation 18

Unitarity of position and wave-number translations

symmetry-ccr-unitarity.mp4

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1440 × 1040 · 30 fps · 17 s · 510 frames · 12 samples

MP4 SHA-256 b101e244c9651fa1e0979a1ac7450bd9234d09251a78efd750a888f8bfca636d

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Chapter context

Section: The Heisenberg Symmetry Group. Excerpts are verbatim; line numbers refer to the included chapter markdown.

Caption

Unitarity of position and wave-number translations

Image description

Four panes show two wave functions translating in x or k while their overlap is preserved, with schematic state-space projections for a real, positive overlap

Before the animation

Chapter lines 869–869

This invariance, as we've seen, is called unitarity. It preserves the distinguishability of states under symmetry transformations and makes those transformations reversible. When time evolution is itself unitary, the evolution of the state is deterministic and reversible. Translations in position and wave number preserve the inner product:

Chapter lines 871–883

$$ \begin{gathered} \text{Translation by }a\text{ in }x\\[0.5em] \langle T_x(a)\psi,T_x(a)\chi\rangle\\ =\langle\psi,\chi\rangle \end{gathered} \qquad \begin{gathered} \text{Translation by }b\text{ in }k\\[0.5em] \langle T_k(b)\psi,T_k(b)\chi\rangle\\ =\langle\psi,\chi\rangle \end{gathered} $$

After the animation

Chapter lines 891–891

In addition to position and wave number, waves have a third independent way of changing. A wave's phase, $\phi$, refers to where it is in its cyclic pattern. For example, a phase shift of $2\pi$, or one full "cycle," returns the wave to its exact initial state. We need to be a bit careful here. For a pure mode, shifting its position is indistinguishable from shifting its phase, somewhat in the way the turning of a barbershop sign appears as though its stripes are moving up and down. We might, then, be tempted to think there is no difference between position and phase shifts. But the single mode is an idealization. In the general case, in which the wave function is a packet composed of modes, position translation shifts the entire function. Phase translation shifts each mode by the same fraction of its cycle, changing the function while leaving its magnitude envelope unchanged.

Generation source

Main script --render writes the MP4; --check and --encoded-check write mathematical and decoded-video validation. The renderer is self-contained apart from external NumPy/Pillow/imageio-ffmpeg libraries.

Mapping evidence and limits

NAME and output path match. content/drafts/animations/symmetry-ccr-unitarity-validation.json records 1440 x 1040, 30 fps, 510 frames, 17 s; the matching encoded-validation.json records the same geometry and frame count and compares decoded frames with source renders.

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Decoded contact sheet

Extraction method: Twelve evenly spaced decoded frame indices, including first and last. Native-resolution JPEGs from the encoded MP4; timestamps read from FFmpeg showinfo. No source rerendering. Frame indices are zero-based. Sparse samples do not establish continuous motion or capture every transition.. Frame indices are zero-based.

Timestamped decoded frames from symmetry-ccr-unitarity.mp4
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