Animation 29

From intensity to position measurement probability density

symmetry-amplitude-probability.mp4

These are sparse samples decoded from the current MP4, not newly rendered illustrations. They can support checks of the sampled states and labels, but cannot establish continuous motion, timing, transitions, or the absence of problems between samples. Use the full MP4 when judging those properties.

1920 × 1080 · 30 fps · 28 s · 840 frames · 12 samples

MP4 SHA-256 1c8983aa042f447817ec993a7139134c5d2c412565f7d32badf6e8f487886adf

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Chapter context

Section: From Wave Mechanics to Quantum Mechanics. Excerpts are verbatim; line numbers refer to the included chapter markdown.

Caption

From intensity to position measurement probability density

Image description

A complex amplitude and its squared magnitude predict the distribution of repeated position measurements at two wavelengths

Before the animation

Chapter lines 1231–1235

$$ \rho(x)=|\psi(x)|^2, \qquad \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\rho(x)\,dx=1. $$

Chapter lines 1237–1237

We could write the same relationship in the wave-number representation. In either case, the interpretation is as follows. A state is a superposition of the eigenstates in the chosen basis. An ideal measurement leaves the state in a specific eigenstate of the measured operator. The value of the measurement is the eigenvalue of that state. The squared magnitudes of the coefficients multiplying those eigenstates determine the outcome probabilities. They must sum to one for discrete outcomes. For continuous quantities such as position and wave number, they give probability densities that integrate to one. In this view, we may say, loosely, and only if we are so inclined, that the thing that "is" is a wave packet, and the wave-number distribution we measure is given by the squared magnitudes of its Fourier components.

After the animation

Chapter lines 1245–1245

To connect our wave description to mechanics, we need to relate phase to action.

Chapter lines 1247–1247

Action, the quantity extremized by a physically valid path, can be constructed from the structure of spacetime, as articulated in the theory of special relativity, which will be the topic of our next chapter. Crudely speaking, because the quantity to be extremized must be agreed upon by all observers, it is natural that it should be an invariant of symmetry actions on spacetime. This leads to the result that the action is, in free motion, for massive bodies, proportional to an invariant built from translations — the time elapsed along a path as measured in a body's rest frame — times a dual invariant built from time and space translation generators. The former quantity is called proper time while the latter is the body's mass.

Generation source

Main script --render adapts accepted Reel 11 to landscape. It imports detector_state from episodes_quantum and artwork/math helpers from core; neither a portrait MP4 nor a postprocessor is consumed. --verify-video can refresh decoded-video validation without rerendering.

Mapping evidence and limits

Exact STEM/output match. Validation names the normalized paraxial Gaussian model, seeds 73921/73922, wave numbers 8/160, and a video block reporting 840 frames, 30 fps, 1920 x 1080, 28 s. The current MP4 matches that block's SHA-256 (1c8983aa042f447817ec993a7139134c5d2c412565f7d32badf6e8f487886adf).

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Decoded contact sheet

Extraction method: Twelve evenly spaced decoded frame indices, including first and last. Native-resolution JPEGs from the encoded MP4; timestamps read from FFmpeg showinfo. No source rerendering. Frame indices are zero-based. Sparse samples do not establish continuous motion or capture every transition.. Frame indices are zero-based.

Timestamped decoded frames from symmetry-amplitude-probability.mp4
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